Клиническое руководство по диагностике, лечению и последующему наблюдению пациентов с кератоконусом, основанное на доказательствах

Keratoconus is characterized by focal stromal thinning and progressive central or paracentral corneal protrusion.¹ The disease is typically bilateral, although frequently asymmetric, and may present with myopic, hyperopic, or mixed astigmatism. It was traditionally considered a disorder developing between puberty and 40 years of age.² However, advances in corneal imaging have shown that keratoconus may manifest before puberty and that progression after 40 years of age is not uncommon. Reported prevalence varies widely according to geographic location, ethnicity, diagnostic criteria, and imaging modalities, ranging from 0.17 to 40 cases per 1000 persons.^3,4 Early diagnosis, timely intervention, and appropriate follow-up are essential to limit disease progression and reduce visual morbidity.